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Getting an ADHD Diagnosis in Adults
Many people seek out a diagnosis after realizing they are having issues in their relationships or at work due to ADHD. NIMH suggests that those seeking diagnoses speak with their primary care provider or a mental health professional.
They will take a detailed history and complete tests like symptom rating scales or psychological tests. They might be subjected to a physical examination to rule out other medical ailments that might be mistaken for ADHD like thyroid issues or seizures.
Diagnosis
It can be a great relief and eye-opening to be given a diagnosis of ADHD however, it can also be depressing. Adults who have been struggling with the symptoms of ADHD for a long time may decide to seek out a medical opinion, prompted by frustrations at work or in relationships or after being informed by family members or friends that they may be suffering from ADHD. It's important to remember that it takes time for a medical professional to make an ADHD diagnosis and the process includes more than just interviews or tests.
The first step is to determine whether your ADHD symptoms match the criteria for the disorder. Several of these symptoms are present before the age of 12. They can be present in multiple settings such as school, home and at work. They affect daily life.
Because symptoms of ADHD can be triggered by mood disorders such as bipolar disorder or anxiety and other physical ailments and illnesses, your healthcare provider might recommend additional evaluations before making a diagnosis. This could include interviews with a psychologist and rating scales for symptoms, and psychological testing to evaluate your thinking abilities, problem-solving skills, and memory.
It's important that you are completely honest with the mental health professional. This could mean that you discuss how your mood has been affected by your difficulties in various aspects of your life. In addition, the person who is conducting your assessment may ask you to talk to your spouse, or close family and friends members to gain a complete picture of the struggles you've faced. They might also request that your family members fill out questionnaires comparing their experiences to yours.
Symptoms
Adults suffering from ADHD typically notice that their issues interfere with everyday activities, especially at school and work. They may have difficulty keeping a job, staying in relationships, or even making ends meet because of the lack of attention and impulsivity that make it difficult to follow directions, remember things, organize tasks or complete projects. The symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe.
To determine ADHD, providers use standardized tools such as checklists as well as questionnaires and interview questions. They also look at the family and medical histories of patients as well as other mental health issues. If a person has several of the 9 symptoms, their provider uses guidelines from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) to assign a diagnosis: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive or combined type.
Inattentional symptoms include difficulty paying attention to small details, daydreaming, and being easily distracted. adhd diagnosis adults uk with completing tasks and staying on task and a tendency to lose the track of time or get distracted are also signs of inattention.
People with the hyperactive/impulsive type often fidget, move around frequently and have trouble sitting still for long periods of time. They tend to lose things quickly and have difficulty organizing their daily activities, work or home. They may lose their keys, phones or wallets often. They may have trouble waiting for their turn in school, at work, or in play. They are prone to frustration or stress and experience frequent and intense mood changes.
Adults with ADHD are more likely to suffer from co-occurring conditions like disorder of the opposition, anxiety, depression and tic disorders Tourette syndrome, and substance abuse issues. Co-occurring disorders can make treatment more difficult and make it more difficult to identify ADHD.
Treatment
Talking to your primary care provider is the first step to getting a diagnosis when you suspect that you suffer from ADHD. They may refer you to an expert in mental health. They will look over your symptoms and issues at school, at work or at home to assess how much they interfere with your life. They will conduct an organized interview and might seek the assistance of family members or friends who know you well. They will also review your medical and family history and conduct a physical exam.
Your doctor will also consider how long you have had these symptoms, and the effect they are having on your life. To be able to be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must have been present for at least 6 months and are not caused by other disorders such as anxiety or depression. In addition, they must hinder daily activities, such as getting to class, completing tasks on time or keeping an occupation.
During your evaluation the mental health professional may use standardized behavior ratings scales and ADHD symptoms checklists. You will also be administered an assessment of your cognitive abilities which will test your executive and working memory functioning, as well as your visual and spatial abilities. They may also test for other conditions that could cause similar symptoms like seizures or thyroid issue.
If your mental health provider determines that you have ADHD, they will discuss the medications available and treatment options. In most cases it is a combination of medications and talk therapy (counseling) is the best. Therapy can assist you in managing your symptoms, and improve communication between your family members and colleagues. It can also help address issues that can be a problem in marriages and relationships due to the issues that ADHD can create at home and work.
Medication
ADHD symptoms in adults tend to be more mild than in childhood. However, they can still cause problems at home and at work. The disorder can cause difficulties in getting or keeping a good job, problems with social relationships and interactions, academic failures, low self-esteem emotional distress, temper tantrums, and antisocial behavior.
The medication can aid in the condition by increasing and balancing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, which control the flow of information through the brain. The stimulants, which are typically prescribed for ADHD in adults, are the most common medications. Examples include Jornay (methylphenidate extended-release tablets), Xelstrym (dextroamphetamine extended-release oral suspension), Cotempla (methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release orally disintegrating tablet) and Adhansia (methylphenidate hydrochloride immediate-release orally disintegrating tablet). Adults can also be treated with Atomoxetine, a non-stimulant, and certain antidepressants such as bupropion. These drugs work slower than stimulants, and may be a better choice for people who cannot take stimulant medication due to health issues or severe side-effects.
Psychotherapy (also known as cognitive-behavioral treatment) could be beneficial in treating disorders that are comorbid with ADHD like depression and anxiety. Psychotherapy could be a better treatment than medications alone for these conditions as per research. Psychotherapy is primarily focused on teaching techniques for managing the disorder and improving performance at work, in school and in relationships. The aim is to boost the self-esteem of the individual, reduce problematic behavior and improve their performance and success. It is recommended that all psychotherapy methods for adults ADHD sufferers include a cognitive component. In one study, researchers discovered that ADHD patients who received psychotherapy and medication reported greater improvement than those who only took the pills.
Counseling
For adults who do not wish to use medication, therapy and counseling may provide significant relief. Individual therapy can help with issues such as low self-esteem, feelings of being insecure and frequent job changes that commonly are a part of ADHD. It can also improve relationships and communication by helping patients and their families to understand the disorder and learn strategies for dealing with it.
Cognitive behavioral therapy concentrates on teaching patients the skills to control their behavior and alter negative thoughts. This type of treatment can reduce symptoms of inattentive ADHD and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, as well as comorbid mood disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders.
Therapists can also help people develop strategies for controlling impulses emotional regulation, relationship and issues that result from impulsive behavior. These strategies can aid you in living more productively particularly at work.
Counseling can also guide people with ADHD when applying for work accommodations that may be available under the Americans with Disabilities Act, which can significantly increase job satisfaction and performance. This can include changing the structure of their work to allow them to be more flexible in meeting deadlines and completing tasks on time.
It is crucial to select the best therapist for adult ADHD treatment. It is important to inquire about the therapist's method and if they have dealt with ADHD in adults is crucial when interviewing potential therapists. It is also a good idea to verify the credentials of the therapist as well as insurance coverage. Some providers have a sliding scale fee or offer online therapy services which make therapy accessible to those who are unable to pay out of pocket.